Sodium carbonate
Sodium, another name for sodium carbonate, is one of the most important industrial chemicals that is widely used in the production of other alkaline products, sodium salts, and others. . . Is used.
Soda is the most common name for un hydrated sodium carbonate with industrial application. Soda or sodium carbonate, sodium salt is carbonic acid. It is solid in the white solid state. Sodium carbonate is produced on an industrial scale through the process of
Sodium carbonate called soda ash and washing soda, also known as soda crystals, is the chemical formula of sodium carbonate Na2CO3. The CAS-Number of this article is 497-19-8. The purity of this product is usually reported on the basis of Na2O. So that each kilogram of sodium carbonate has 0 585 kg Na2O.
Sodium carbonate has a relatively strong alkaline property and can be extracted from ashes of many plants. This
The product has been used by humans for more than 5000 years. Ancient Egyptians used a natural combination of honeycomb, including sodium carbonate decorate and sodium bicarbonate. They used this alkaline salt as a soap for washing. They also used this material in the production of glass.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Sodium Carbonate
The melting point of sodium carbonate is 851 degrees Celsius. This product decomposes at higher temperatures. Therefore, boiling temperature is not defined for this substance. The solubility of sodium carbonate in water at 20 ° C is 215 g / l. Other physical properties of sodium carbonate are shown in the table below.
Sodium carbonate reacts with carbon dioxide and water to produce bicarbonate sodium.
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3
Sodium bicarbonate also produces sodium carbonate in the presence of sodium.
NaHCO3 + NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
The dissolution of sodium carbonate in water is a heat-reactive reaction.
For industrial applications, two types of sodium carbonate are used
Heavy sodium carbonate
Light Sodium Carbonate
The difference between heavy carbonate and light sodium carbonate is only in density, particle size and application, and they are not chemically distinct. Heavy sodium carbonate The mass density is about 1000 kg / m3 and particles of 300-5000 microns. This type of carbonate is often used in glass factories. The larger particles of this kind of granule cause the dust to be dirty and impurities and reduce the possibility of particles spreading during transportation. The density of sodium carbonate is about 500 kg / m 3 and the size of sodium carbonate is about 1000 microns. Lightweight sodium carbonate is used to produce chemicals and detergents.
Uses of Sodium Carbonate
Sodium carbonate is one of the most widely used materials in various industries. The following is a brief description of the most important applications of sodium carbonate.
Glass manufacturing: Sodium carbonate is used in the glass industry. The use of this material in glass can reduce the glass formation temperature and save energy.
Chemical production: Sodium carbonate in the production of various chemicals such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, sodium triple phosphate, sodium dichromate, sodium aluminate, sodium cyanide and others. . . It is used.
Paper production: In the industry, sodium carbonate paper is used as an acidifying agent, as well as for stripping of waste paper.
Soap and detergent production: Its use in the production of soaps and detergents is used as an alkali agent.
Water softening: Sodium carbonate in the ion exchange process removes calcium and magnesium ions from the water and reduces its hardness.
Urban Water Tanks: Its Soda, as a common additive in urban reservoirs, is used to neutralize the acidic effect of chlorine and to increase pH.
Household application: Sodium carbonate is used in homes as a water softener in clothes washing. It resists magnesium ions and calcium in hard water and prevents the bonding between them with detergent. Without the use of sodium carbonate, additional detergents are required to soak up magnesium ions and calcium ions.
Dyeing: As a bonding agent, the bond between colors and fibers is used.
Food industry: As pH regulator and preservative.
Electrolysis: As an electrolyte, it increases the rate of water decomposition.
Taxidermy: The process of removing meat from bones is used.
Chemistry laboratories are used as the primary standard in titration reactions.
Toothpaste: As a pH-enhancing agent, the freshness agent is used.
Brick Making: As a wetting agent in the production of dough, it reduces the amount of water used.
Textile Industry: Used as an anti-acid agent in silk processing.
Petrochemicals and Petroleum Refining: As neutralizing petrochemical processes.
Purification of vegetable oils: acts as a free fatty acid separator.
Smoke from smoke: In the process of sulfur removal, the smoke is removed from the smoke.